How can you tell if adjuvant chemotherapy works?
Think you know something about oncology? Ok then, pop quiz: If you are giving chemotherapy to a patient who does not have cancer, how can you tell if it works? Ridiculous question? Not at all. The answer to that question is; “hopefully, we will never know,” and it is at the core of modern cancer care.
In the 1960s, breast cancer surgeons had a serious problem. They were doing large complex …