A study of over 890,000 Medicare beneficiaries shows that states with malpractice environments unfavorable to physicians do not see improved postoperative outcomes for 11 different types of mostly elective major operations.

States with higher general surgery malpractice insurance premiums had significantly more episodes of postoperative sepsis, pneumonia, acute renal failure, and gastrointestinal bleeding.

Those with higher numbers of paid claims per 100 physicians had more postoperative myocardial infarctions, surgical site infections, acute renal failure, hemorrhage, prolonged length of stay, readmissions, and deaths.

When a composite score was used to judge malpractice environment, patients in states with higher malpractice risk settings continued to experience more postoperative complications.

So much for the theory that malpractice suits influence doctors to be more careful and improve quality of care.

States with tort reforms such as attorney fee limits, damage caps, and pretrial panels saw neither increased nor decreased rates of 30-day complications.

The procedures studied were resections of the colon, rectum, lung, esophagus, urinary bladder, and pancreas and total knee replacement, craniotomy, gastric bypass, abdominal aortic aneurysm repair, and coronary artery bypass graft.

In a Reuters story about the paper, senior author, Dr. Karl Y. Bilimoria, Director of the Surgical Outcomes and Quality Improvement Center at Northwestern University, said the risk of litigation did not result in better outcomes. He added, “It doesn’t really work — malpractice environment doesn’t influence doctors to provide better care. Rather, it may lead to defensive medicine practices where more tests and treatments are ordered unnecessarily just to try to minimize malpractice risk.”

The paper points out that defensive medicine can lead to overdiagnosis and overtreatment which may cause more complications.

Can anything be done?

Harvard physician/economist Anupam B. Jena said, “Changing the standards against which physicians are judged, either by ensuring that all states adopt national standard laws, or using administrative courts that hold physicians to a pre-specified clinical standard, are ways that I think the malpractice system can be leveraged to improve quality.”

The states? They can’t even agree to a nationwide standard for medical licensing. Who would decide what “pre-specified clinical standard” should be used? Standards change frequently, and many are controversial. Would the plaintiffs’ bar ever agree to the use of administrative courts? Ha, ha.

Lacking the gravitas of Dr. Jena’s Harvard connection but having almost 20 times as many Twitter followers, I say his proposals will never happen.

“Skeptical Scalpel” is a surgeon who blogs at his self-titled site, Skeptical Scalpel.  This article originally appeared in Physician’s Weekly.

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