Gastroenterology

Learn about Clostridium difficile infection with a Medcomic

Conditions
January 8, 2018

Clostridium difficile is a gram-positive anaerobic bacillus which secretes toxins (A and B) that cause diarrhea and pseudomembranous colitis. C. difficile is the most common infectious cause of nosocomial diarrhea. Transmission of C. difficile can occur from contact with contaminated humans and fomites. The organism contains endospores that can survive the acidity of the stomach and reach the large intestine.

C. difficile colonizes the intestinal tract after the normal …

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Burnout during residency? Yep, and here’s what it taught me.

Physician
November 9, 2017

You’ve probably heard this story before: a young physician, who has spent all of his or her life succeeding and building goals, stumbles into a career without meaning or enthusiasm. Indeed, my story about burnout is much like the rest.

Like so many before me, I entered into a career in medicine motivated and eager to change the world through the care of my patients. I grew up in a family …

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Seeds, popcorn, and nuts in diverticulitis: fact and fiction

Conditions
November 2, 2017

Diverticulitis is a common and sometimes serious problem that affects several hundred thousand people each year. Diverticulitis is the condition where small outpouchings or “pockets” in the wall of the large intestine called diverticula become inflamed and infected, and typically presents as a constant lower abdominal pain, associated with fever or chills, and often bloating or constipation symptoms. Despite becoming even more common in recent years, not much is understood …

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MKSAP: 32-year-old woman with weight loss, abdominal cramping, and loose stools

Conditions
October 21, 2017

Test your medicine knowledge with the MKSAP challenge, in partnership with the American College of Physicians.

A 32-year-old woman is evaluated for a 2-month history of weight loss, abdominal cramping, and loose stools. Her stools are malodorous, but she has not noted any blood associated with her bowel movements. Although her appetite is good, she has lost 3.2 kg (7.0 lb). She has an 8-year history of diffuse …

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Physicians and magicians are not as different as you think

Physician
September 27, 2017

We all know what, in 1888, Rudyard Kipling pronounced to be the world’s oldest profession. But what’s the world’s second oldest? Hunter-gatherer? Nah, everybody did that. Primitive politician? That’s a tautology. Neolithic attorney? Nope. Too similar to the oldest.

I strongly suspect that the second oldest profession was healer/magician. Fire up Mr. Peabody’s Wayback time machine, and you’d probably find that the first healers were regarded as magicians, and the first …

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MKSAP: 68-year-old man with new-onset ascites

Conditions
April 22, 2017

Test your medicine knowledge with the MKSAP challenge, in partnership with the American College of Physicians.

A 68-year-old man is evaluated for new-onset ascites with lower-extremity edema. Symptoms have increased gradually over the past 4 weeks. He has consumed three alcoholic beverages per day for many years. His medical history is notable for coronary artery bypass graft surgery 8 months ago and dyslipidemia. His medications are low-dose aspirin, atorvastatin, …

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Do patients with celiac disease need probiotics?

Conditions
January 28, 2017

One of the most common questions that I receive from patients diagnosed with celiac disease is if they should take a probiotic. The only available treatment for celiac disease, an autoimmune disease characterized by destruction of the absorptive surface of the small intestine which develops in genetically compatible individuals, is a gluten free diet. However, patients and providers often question whether supplementation with probiotics may hasten the healing process.

Probiotics are …

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When should physicians lie for patients?

Physician
August 17, 2016

Even the most honest among us do not tell the truth all of the time.  We are flawed human beings.  We covet, we gossip, we steal, we lie, and we stand idly by. You don’t think you steal?   Have you ever “borrowed” someone else’s idea and represented it as your own?

A few weeks before I penned this, I was presented with two opportunities to lie in order to save a …

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Open access endoscopy raises potential ethical issues

Conditions
July 2, 2016

Like nearly every gastroenterologist, we have an open access endoscopy system. This means that patients can be referred, or refer themselves, directly to our office for a a procedure without an office visit in advance.

Why do we do this? We offer it as a convenience, so patients do not need to make two visits to see us when it is clear that a procedure is necessary. For example, a referring …

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How marriage affects men’s colonoscopy rates

Conditions
May 31, 2016

Did you know that married men have a lower colorectal cancer mortality when compared to unmarried men? What about the fact that married men have higher rates of colorectal cancer screening? Interesting, right? In fact, studies showing the association between marriage and favorable behavior regarding colon cancer screening have been published as early as 2010.

More recently, a study published in the journal Preventive Medicine found that married men are …

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A gastroenterologist shares practical advice on probiotics

Meds
March 10, 2016

The microbiome is among the hottest topics in medical and scientific research. The National Institutes of Health and private foundations have invested hundreds of millions of dollars in research to define and characterize the human microbiome. In the next decade, billions more will be devoted to deciphering how microbes influence human health in a positive manner. The White House even issued a national call to action for …

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What you don’t know about anal sex. A gastroenterologist explains.

Conditions
March 10, 2016

Although it is still early, 2016 is already shaping up to be a year to remember in science: Long-postulated gravitational waves were finally discovered, the CDC scrambles to battle Zika virus on multiple continents, and long-awaited clinical testing begins for a new HIV vaccine.

But these accomplishments all pale in comparison to the monumental study published in the American Journal of Gastroenterology titled “Read more…

Should you have a precolonoscopy visit? The answers may surprise you.

Conditions
February 23, 2016

Your primary care doctor has been nagging you for years. Your wife and brother seem to be in on the scheme too. Every once and a while one of your coworkers even says (with a chuckle) “C’mon Bob, you’re fifty-seven, you really need to get it done!”

“OK, enough,” you finally say, “I’ll go for a colonoscopy!” So at your next visit you ask your primary doctor how to set it …

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Gastroenterologists are the tattoo artists of medicine

Conditions
January 25, 2016

Everywhere you go, you can see people from all walks of life sporting some pretty cool tattoos. Tattoos are so popular nowadays that they’re almost conformist. I consider myself really hip since I don’t have any tattoos; how avant-garde! However, that doesn’t mean I don’t appreciate good ink when I see it. As a matter of fact, I even dabble as a tattooist sometimes.

It is common practice to leave a permanent tattoo at …

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A young woman with anemia. A colonoscopy reveals a surprise.

Conditions
October 11, 2015

Overtesting and over treatment are big problems in modern medicine.  It sometimes goes like this: Have a minor complaint? It’s probably nothing, but we should do an exhaustive workup because there is a 0.00001 percent chance it could be cancer, maybe.

However, if you happen to be that one patient in 10 million that had cancer, and we actually found it early by aggressive testing, then you would be glad you went for …

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Test your medicine knowledge: 55-year-old man with elevated liver enzymes

Conditions
October 10, 2015

Test your medicine knowledge with the MKSAP challenge, in partnership with the American College of Physicians.

A 55-year-old man is evaluated during a routine examination. He feels well other than mild knee pain. He drinks six to eight cans of beer per night. He has no personal history of liver disease, but his older brother was recently diagnosed with hereditary hemochromatosis.

On physical examination, vital signs are normal; BMI is 24. He …

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A patient presents with painless diarrhea. What should you do next?

Conditions
August 29, 2015

Test your medicine knowledge with the MKSAP challenge, in partnership with the American College of Physicians.

A 67-year-old woman is evaluated for a 1-year history of loose stools. She reports approximately four episodes per day without abdominal pain. She has not had nausea, vomiting, weight loss, bright red blood per rectum, or melena.

On physical examination, temperature is 36.7 °C (98.1 °F), blood pressure is 115/85 mm Hg, pulse …

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How to perform a stool transplant

Conditions
August 25, 2015

Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is the process of administering a preparation of healthy donor stool to a patient with a certain disease, usually Clostridium difficile colitis, in an attempt to treat the disease.  I covered some of the basics about the microbiome and FMT in a previous article, so this will just be a cookbook-style post on how we do FMT with colonoscopy.

First, a healthy donor must be identified.  The donor …

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