In a study in the American Journal of Infection Control, researchers coated a gloved hand in E. coli. One person with the E. coli glove then they shook hands, high-fived, and fist bumped another person with a sterile glove. Transfer of E. coli to the sterile glove was measured.
Results:
- highest transfer of bacteria: handshake
- lowest transfer of bacteria: fist bump (high five was in the middle)
- difference: fist bump less than 10% of bacteria transmitted compared to the handshake
- explanation: handshakes have the greatest surface area in contact, for a longer time
This has been a practice changing finding for me. Rarely are articles practice changing. After reading these findings, I admit, I have shaken hands less.
I have not yet tried to fist bump my patients. “Hey, I’m your palliative care doctor, punch it in there! Knuckles!”
I use hand sanitizer before and after each visit, and also wash with soap and water after every third or so encounter. But I used to shake hands with pretty much every patient, on every single visit, at both the beginning and end of each visit. And with each family member. I now generally only shake hands at the initial visit.
Isn’t this sad, in a way? I was happy when ties where found to carry the most germs of any piece of a doctor’s outfit. I hated ties anyway. But the fist bump beating the handshake?
Has it come to this?
Have we really taken the touch of out medicine to the extent that it will soon be verboten to shake hands? If shaking hands spreads germs, then a hug is definitely out of the question. If infectious disease transmission is the only considered factor, then we should just stand in the doorway. Or communicate with our patients via Snapchat.
In geriatrics and palliative care, we probably prize the virtue of caring above all other virtues. We care for our patients by making strong connections with them.
Part of that connection, for many of us, is developed through non-verbal communication, including handshakes, handholding, hugging, and other dangerous methods of transmitting bacteria.
How do you weight these values against this new information about bacteria, amidst a backdrop of increasingly deadly health care-related infections? Even with the terrific success of hand sanitizer initiatives, hands are still a major source of transmission. It’s not just about protecting the patient in front of you, but other patients who may have less resilience against bacteria.
Will this information change what you do?
I’m just providing the perspective.
It’s in your hands now.
Alex Smith is an assistant professor of medicine, University of California, San Francisco who blogs at GeriPal.
