There’s been plenty of buzz about a recent New York Times story, “Talk Doesn’t Pay, So Psychiatry Turns Instead to Drug Therapy” by Gardiner Harris. The story is essentially a profile of Dr. Donald Levin, a 68 year old psychiatrist who has a private practice in Doylestown, Pa.
It is a poignant example of a common situation in psychiatry. Older psychiatrists were trained during a time when there were few effective psychiatric medications, so they cut their teeth on training in psychotherapy. Not surprisingly, doing therapy is fun–it’s involves getting paid for having interesting and intimate conversations with people, and helping them to become happier as a result.
In the old days, psychiatrists were paid very well for therapy. In part, this was due to the law of supply and demand–until the late 1940s, psychiatrists alone were allowed to do psychotherapy. But with World War 2 came a critical demand for more therapists to deal with the psychological needs of veterans. Over the ensuing decades, the NIMH granted funds to train psychologists and other non-MDs to deal with the growing public demand for therapy. As the supply of therapists rose, reimbursement for therapy plummeted.
Of course, as any professional guild must do, the American Psychiatric Association fought this trend ferociously, arguing that only professionals who received medical training had the qualifications to do therapy. In 1949, the president of the APA summarized the opinions of a special “Committee on the Relations of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology” by saying that the “American Psychiatric Association is strongly opposed to independent private practice of psychotherapy by the clinical psychologists; and The Association believes that psychotherapy, whenever practiced, should be done in a setting where adequate psychiatric safeguards are provided.”
To the modern eye it seems absurd that intelligent people could believe that you had to go to medical school to do psychotherapy, but the potential for loss of income often confuses the mind. From the 1950s until the 1980s, the APA continuously lobbied state legislatures to prevent independent credentialing for non-MD therapists, but they eventually lost in every state.
Ironically, many within the APA were eventually happy to off-load their therapy tasks to psychologists and social workers, because a plethora of psychotropic drugs were introduced in the 1980s and 1990s. Psychiatrists no longer needed to do therapy to make good money. But this forced a decision point for many psychiatrists, like Dr. Levin, who loved doing psychotherapy. Would they continue to do psychotherapy–thereby diminishing their incomes–or would they become psychopharmacologists, lucratively churning through patients in 15 minute increments? Dr. Levin chose the latter, and sadly, he is unfulfilled.
Quoting from the New York Times article: “I miss the mystery and intrigue of psychotherapy,” he said. “Now I feel like a good Volkswagen mechanic.” “I’m good at it,” Dr. Levin went on, “but there’s not a lot to master in medications. It’s like ‘2001: A Space Odyssey,’ where you had Hal the supercomputer juxtaposed with the ape with the bone. I feel like I’m the ape with the bone now.”
Many psychiatrists will recognize the sense of tedium and boredom described by Dr. Levin. He went through psychiatric training to do therapy and is now a pill-pusher.
Of course, one can argue that he is simply living with the consequences of that age-old decision: the choice of higher income, but less fulfilling work. The world is filled with realtors, lawyers, marketers, managers, etc…, who wish they could make their current income doing watercolors or teaching elementary school or writing novels.
If Levin wanted to do therapy, he could, but, as he said in the article, “Nobody wants to go backwards, moneywise, in their career.” We all make our decisions.
Daniel Carlat is a psychiatrist and author of Unhinged: The trouble with psychiatry- a doctor’s revelations about a profession in crisis.
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