Skip to content
  • About
  • Contact
  • Contribute
  • Book
  • Careers
  • Podcast
  • Recommended
  • Speaking
  • All
  • Physician
  • Practice
  • Policy
  • Finance
  • Conditions
  • .edu
  • Patient
  • Meds
  • Tech
  • Social
  • Video
    • All
    • Physician
    • Practice
    • Policy
    • Finance
    • Conditions
    • .edu
    • Patient
    • Meds
    • Tech
    • Social
    • Video
    • About
    • Contact
    • Contribute
    • Book
    • Careers
    • Podcast
    • Recommended
    • Speaking

MKSAP: 38-year-old woman with primary membranous glomerulopathy

mksap
Conditions
November 16, 2019
Share
Tweet
Share

Test your medicine knowledge with the MKSAP challenge, in partnership with the American College of Physicians.

A 38-year-old woman is evaluated during a follow-up visit for primary membranous glomerulopathy. Diagnosis was made by kidney biopsy 4 months ago, and she was found to be positive for anti–phospholipase A2 receptor (PLA2R) antibodies. Medications are furosemide, losartan, and simvastatin. Recent age- and sex-appropriate cancer screening tests were normal.

On physical examination, vital signs are normal. There is pitting lower extremity edema to the mid shins bilaterally.

Laboratory studies:

Albumin 2.1 g/dL (21 g/L)
Total cholesterol 288 mg/dL (7.5 mmol/L)
Creatinine 1.1 mg/dL (97.2 µmol/L)
Urine protein-creatinine ratio 9135 mg/g

Which of the following complications is this patient at greatest risk for developing?

A. Gout
B. Malignancy
C. Renal cell carcinoma
D. Venous thromboembolism

MKSAP Answer and Critique

The correct answer is D.

The nephrotic syndrome can be complicated by clotting manifestations due to a secondary hypercoagulable state. Of all the nephrotic syndromes, membranous glomerulopathy carries the greatest risk for clotting abnormalities, with some series reporting thrombotic complications in up to 35% of the most severe membranous glomerulopathy cases. The etiology for the hypercoagulable state in membranous glomerulopathy and other forms of heavy nephrosis is multifactorial. In response to the hypoalbuminemia induced by nephrotic-range proteinuria, the liver overproduces proteins. This is most classically seen in the form of hyperlipidemia. In addition, hepatic overproduction of proteins in response to hypoalbuminemia can also lead to increased levels of procoagulant proteins such as factor V, factor VIII, and fibrinogen. Urinary loss of albumin in high volume is also accompanied by similar urinary losses of low-molecular-weight anticoagulants (notably, antithrombin III and protein S) and fibrinolytics (such as plasminogen). In a large retrospective cohort of clotting complications in membranous glomerulopathy, >70% of the clots occurred within 2 years of diagnosis, and the risk of clotting markedly increased once albumin levels dropped below 2.8 g/dL (28 g/L) (OR, 2.53; P = 0.02, compared with albumin ≥2.8 g/dL [28 g/L]).

Chronic kidney disease is a risk factor for hyperuricemia and acute gout due to underexcretion of urate by the kidneys. In these patients, hyperuricemia may be due to impaired glomerular filtration and/or defects of urate handling in the renal proximal tubule. This patient’s current kidney function does not place her at increased risk for gout.

Patients with membranous glomerulopathy have an increased risk of malignancy. Most cancers are diagnosed in men ≥65 years of age and are often solid tumors of the prostate, lung, or gastrointestinal tract. The risk for malignancy seems to be reduced in patients with anti-phospholipase A2 receptor (PLA2R) antibody. Taking into account her negative age- and sex-appropriate cancer screening, young age, and anti-PLA2R antibody status, this patient’s risk of malignancy is low.

Patients with end-stage kidney disease have a markedly increased risk for renal cell carcinoma. Although current guidelines do not support routine screening for renal cell carcinoma in all patients with chronic kidney disease, a high level of suspicion is warranted in patients with symptoms such as new-onset gross hematuria or unexplained flank pain. In the absence of end-stage kidney disease, this patient is not at increased risk for renal cell carcinoma.

Key Point

  • The nephrotic syndrome can be complicated by clotting manifestations due to a secondary hypercoagulable state, and risk is related to the degree of hypoalbuminemia.

This content is excerpted from MKSAP 18 with permission from the American College of Physicians (ACP). Use is restricted in the same manner as that defined in the MKSAP 18 Digital license agreement. This material should never be used as a substitute for clinical judgment and does not represent an official position of ACP. All content is licensed to KevinMD.com on an “AS IS” basis without any warranty of any nature. The publisher, ACP, shall not be liable for any damage or loss of any kind arising out of or resulting from use of content, regardless of whether such liability is based in tort, contract or otherwise.

Prev

The health effects of structural racism

November 15, 2019 Kevin 6
…
Next

Doctor by day, law student by night

November 16, 2019 Kevin 3
…

Tagged as: Nephrology

Post navigation

< Previous Post
The health effects of structural racism
Next Post >
Doctor by day, law student by night

ADVERTISEMENT

More by mksap

  • a desk with keyboard and ipad with the kevinmd logo

    MKSAP: 26-year-old man with back pain

    mksap
  • a desk with keyboard and ipad with the kevinmd logo

    MKSAP: 36-year-old man with abdominal cramping, diarrhea, malaise, and nausea

    mksap
  • a desk with keyboard and ipad with the kevinmd logo

    MKSAP: 52-year-old woman with osteoarthritis of the right hip

    mksap

Related Posts

  • a desk with keyboard and ipad with the kevinmd logo

    MKSAP: 35-year-old woman with constipation

    mksap
  • a desk with keyboard and ipad with the kevinmd logo

    MKSAP: 60-year-old woman with persistent constipation

    mksap
  • a desk with keyboard and ipad with the kevinmd logo

    MKSAP: 45-year-old woman with type 2 diabetes mellitus

    mksap
  • Primary Care First: CMS develops a value-based primary care program for independent practices

    Robert Colton, MD
  • Primary care faces a very difficult winter

    Ken Terry
  • How the CPT system shortchanges primary care

    Richard Young, MD

More in Conditions

  • Why your clinic waiting room may affect patient outcomes

    Ziya Altug, PT, DPT and Shirish Sachdeva, PT, DPT
  • The ethical crossroads of medicine and legislation

    M. Bennet Broner, PhD
  • When doctors breathe the same air: How medical professionals become environmental activists

    Stephen Gitonga
  • When doctors don’t talk: a silent failure in modern medicine

    Cesar Querimit, Jr.
  • The many faces of physician grief

    Annia Raja, PhD
  • How early care saved my life from silent kidney disease

    Charlie Cloninger
  • Most Popular

  • Past Week

    • Health equity in Inland Southern California requires urgent action

      Vishruth Nagam | Policy
    • Why your clinic waiting room may affect patient outcomes

      Ziya Altug, PT, DPT and Shirish Sachdeva, PT, DPT | Conditions
    • Could antibiotics beat heart disease where statins failed?

      Larry Kaskel, MD | Conditions
    • How restrictive opioid policies worsen the crisis

      Kayvan Haddadan, MD | Physician
    • The backbone of health care is breaking

      Grace Yu, MD | Physician
    • Why transplant equity requires more than access

      Zamra Amjid, DHSc, MHA | Policy
  • Past 6 Months

    • Why transgender health care needs urgent reform and inclusive practices

      Angela Rodriguez, MD | Conditions
    • Why primary care doctors are drowning in debt despite saving lives

      John Wei, MD | Physician
    • Why primary care needs better dermatology training

      Alex Siauw | Conditions
    • New student loan caps could shut low-income students out of medicine

      Tom Phan, MD | Physician
    • Why pain doctors face unfair scrutiny and harsh penalties in California

      Kayvan Haddadan, MD | Physician
    • mRNA post vaccination syndrome: Is it real?

      Harry Oken, MD | Conditions
  • Recent Posts

    • Why retail pharmacies could transform diversity in clinical trials [PODCAST]

      The Podcast by KevinMD | Podcast
    • Why your clinic waiting room may affect patient outcomes

      Ziya Altug, PT, DPT and Shirish Sachdeva, PT, DPT | Conditions
    • Food is a universal language in medicine

      Diego R. Hijano, MD | Physician
    • The ethical crossroads of medicine and legislation

      M. Bennet Broner, PhD | Conditions
    • When doctors breathe the same air: How medical professionals become environmental activists

      Stephen Gitonga | Conditions
    • Why vitamins should be part of the mental health conversation [PODCAST]

      The Podcast by KevinMD | Podcast

Subscribe to KevinMD and never miss a story!

Get free updates delivered free to your inbox.


Find jobs at
Careers by KevinMD.com

Search thousands of physician, PA, NP, and CRNA jobs now.

Learn more

Leave a Comment

Founded in 2004 by Kevin Pho, MD, KevinMD.com is the web’s leading platform where physicians, advanced practitioners, nurses, medical students, and patients share their insight and tell their stories.

Social

  • Like on Facebook
  • Follow on Twitter
  • Connect on Linkedin
  • Subscribe on Youtube
  • Instagram

ADVERTISEMENT

ADVERTISEMENT

  • Most Popular

  • Past Week

    • Health equity in Inland Southern California requires urgent action

      Vishruth Nagam | Policy
    • Why your clinic waiting room may affect patient outcomes

      Ziya Altug, PT, DPT and Shirish Sachdeva, PT, DPT | Conditions
    • Could antibiotics beat heart disease where statins failed?

      Larry Kaskel, MD | Conditions
    • How restrictive opioid policies worsen the crisis

      Kayvan Haddadan, MD | Physician
    • The backbone of health care is breaking

      Grace Yu, MD | Physician
    • Why transplant equity requires more than access

      Zamra Amjid, DHSc, MHA | Policy
  • Past 6 Months

    • Why transgender health care needs urgent reform and inclusive practices

      Angela Rodriguez, MD | Conditions
    • Why primary care doctors are drowning in debt despite saving lives

      John Wei, MD | Physician
    • Why primary care needs better dermatology training

      Alex Siauw | Conditions
    • New student loan caps could shut low-income students out of medicine

      Tom Phan, MD | Physician
    • Why pain doctors face unfair scrutiny and harsh penalties in California

      Kayvan Haddadan, MD | Physician
    • mRNA post vaccination syndrome: Is it real?

      Harry Oken, MD | Conditions
  • Recent Posts

    • Why retail pharmacies could transform diversity in clinical trials [PODCAST]

      The Podcast by KevinMD | Podcast
    • Why your clinic waiting room may affect patient outcomes

      Ziya Altug, PT, DPT and Shirish Sachdeva, PT, DPT | Conditions
    • Food is a universal language in medicine

      Diego R. Hijano, MD | Physician
    • The ethical crossroads of medicine and legislation

      M. Bennet Broner, PhD | Conditions
    • When doctors breathe the same air: How medical professionals become environmental activists

      Stephen Gitonga | Conditions
    • Why vitamins should be part of the mental health conversation [PODCAST]

      The Podcast by KevinMD | Podcast

MedPage Today Professional

An Everyday Health Property Medpage Today
  • Terms of Use | Disclaimer
  • Privacy Policy
  • DMCA Policy
All Content © KevinMD, LLC
Site by Outthink Group

Leave a Comment

Comments are moderated before they are published. Please read the comment policy.

Loading Comments...