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Palliative care in the ICU: what the metrics never count

Raya E. Kheirbek, MD, MPH
Conditions and Diseases
September 14, 2026
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“I called palliative care because I needed to free up the bed. Otherwise, I could have taken care of this dying patient myself.”

The ICU attending said it standing at the nurses’ station, thumbing through a chart on a rolling laptop cart, already moving toward the next name on his list before I could answer. Down the hall, monitors kept their steady rhythm. Somewhere behind him, a family was gathered around a man who had just told us, simply, “I’m done.”

I stood outside his room, looking through the glass door. His wife sat beside him. His daughter had climbed up near his feet on the bed. His son sat in a chair across the room. One chair was still empty. They were waiting for his brother to arrive before we stopped machine support and allowed him to die, comfortably, the way the disease could not.

I have spent twenty-five years at bedsides like his. It is work that asks for more than knowing which medications to prescribe. There is fear to attend to, anticipatory grief, families paralyzed by decisions no one wants to make, guilt, unfinished conversations, and the clinical judgment to recognize when another intervention has become more burden than benefit. For a moment, standing at that nurses’ station, I felt all of it reduced to freeing a bed.

I was wounded, and my instinct was to defend the work. But the longer I sat with the attending’s words, the less certain I became that he was the problem.

He did need the bed. Somewhere another critically ill patient may have been waiting for it. An emergency department may have been boarding people in hallways, a transfer delayed by hours that mattered. Nationally, hospital boarding (patients held in the ED because no inpatient bed is open) has become routine rather than rare: One recent analysis of hospitalizations found that at peak periods, roughly two in five admitted patients waited more than four hours for a bed, and more than one in twenty waited over twenty-four. The attending was responsible not only for the man dying in front of him, but for people he had not yet met.

That is what medicine increasingly asks of physicians. We are trained to see the person in the bed while simultaneously accounting for the bed itself. Capacity. Length of stay. Mortality. Readmissions. Cost. Productivity. None of it is meaningless. Hospitals have finite resources, and pretending otherwise is not compassion, it’s a debt someone else eventually pays.

But something quietly changes when those measures become the language we use to speak about care itself. Palliative care may shorten a hospitalization. It may spare a patient treatment he no longer wants. It may reduce costs. Studies have found that earlier palliative care consultation is associated with meaningfully shorter stays and lower total hospital costs for seriously ill patients, savings that come not from withholding care but from aligning it with what a patient actually wants. And yes, sometimes, it frees an ICU bed.

Those are consequences of the work. They were never its purpose. The purpose was the man who looked at us after medicine had offered him everything it had and said he was done living for the sake of living.

Medicine had been skilled at helping him survive. When he no longer wanted that, he deserved a team equally skilled at helping him focus on what mattered most.

I don’t think the attending’s comment wounded me because it lacked compassion. I think it wounded me because I understood it, because I, too, am learning to translate a man’s last words into something a hospital can count.

By the end, his room was quiet. The alarms were silent. His wife held his hand. His daughter remained curled near his feet. His brother had arrived. He had waited for him.

Then, surrounded by his family, he died.

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The ICU bed was free. Somewhere, another patient may already have been waiting for it. That mattered.

But something else had happened in that room, something harder to measure. A man had told us when enough was enough, and we had listened. We treated his suffering. We gave his family time to gather. His brother made it to his bedside. And when death came, he was not alone.

Medicine is very good at counting the lives we save, the discharges we speed, the beds we open. We should be just as proud of the moments when we know what not to prolong, when we make room for a family, and when we help a person die heard, loved, and with dignity.

That should count, too.

Raya Elfadel Kheirbek is a geriatrician, palliative medicine physician, physician-writer, and professor of medicine at the University of Maryland School of Medicine in Baltimore, where she is the inaugural chief of the Division of Gerontology, Geriatrics, and Palliative Medicine and program director of the Geriatric Medicine Fellowship. She is also affiliated with the University of Maryland Medical Center.

Her clinical and scholarly work focuses on serious illness, aging, communication and decision making, and person-centered models of care. Her research has been supported by the Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute, the Department of Veterans Affairs, and the University of Maryland Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, and her peer-reviewed publications are indexed on Web of Science.

As a physician-writer, Dr. Kheirbek writes at the intersection of medicine and the human experience, exploring aging, serious illness, caregiving, grief, and the end of life. Her work brings the voices of patients and families into conversations about what medicine can do, what it should do, and what matters most. She shares updates on LinkedIn and X.

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  • Most Popular

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