Conditions

Learn about Clostridium difficile infection with a Medcomic

Conditions
January 8, 2018

Clostridium difficile is a gram-positive anaerobic bacillus which secretes toxins (A and B) that cause diarrhea and pseudomembranous colitis. C. difficile is the most common infectious cause of nosocomial diarrhea. Transmission of C. difficile can occur from contact with contaminated humans and fomites. The organism contains endospores that can survive the acidity of the stomach and reach the large intestine.

C. difficile colonizes the intestinal tract after the normal …

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Learn pulmonary hypertension with a Medcomic

Conditions
December 30, 2017

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) refers to increased pressure in the pulmonary circulation. It develops when pulmonary vessels become constricted and/or obstructed, which can occur in a wide variety of conditions. The increase in pressure is measured by right catheterization, and is defined as a mean pulmonary arterial pressure ≥ 25 mm Hg at rest.

PH leads to right ventricular hypertrophy and enlargement as the …

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MKSAP: 64-year-old man with diabetes

Conditions
December 30, 2017

Test your medicine knowledge with the MKSAP challenge, in partnership with the American College of Physicians.

A 64-year-old man is evaluated for his quarterly diabetes care follow-up visit. Point-of-care HbA1c level is not at goal for this patient, who has high function, long life expectancy, few comorbidities, good support, health literacy, and access to care. Medical history is significant for hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and obesity. His family history is notable for type …

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MKSAP: 63-year-old man with mid-upper back pain

Conditions
December 23, 2017

Test your medicine knowledge with the MKSAP challenge, in partnership with the American College of Physicians.

A 63-year-old man is evaluated for severe mid-upper back pain following a minor fall 1 day ago. He also notes progressive fatigue of 6 months’ duration and a 6.8-kg (15-lb) weight loss. Medical history is notable for an 80-pack-year smoking history, although he is currently a nonsmoker.

On physical examination, temperature is 37.3 …

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Is MRI contrast a dangerous threat?

Conditions
December 5, 2017

In early November, Chuck Norris filed a lawsuit against medical device manufacturers involving gadolinium-based contrast media, a chemical used in MRI imaging scans. The lawsuit stated that the gadolinium that doctors injected into his wife Gena to improve the clarity of her MRIs have left her “weak and tired and with debilitating bouts of pain and a burning sensation.”

As with any adverse effects involving medical procedures in the news, it …

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I’ll never forget the eyes of a 6-year-old sexual assault victim

Conditions
November 23, 2017

Patsy loved playing bingo every Wednesday night. Her boyfriend of three years loved watching her daughter Jenna who was a tiny and pretty six-year-old her momma called “princess.”

Even though they weren’t related, Jenna called Patsy’s boyfriend “Uncle Billy” at her mother’s behest.

And Uncle Billy made Jenna shyer and quieter than she usually was. He’d walk in on those Wednesday nights and demand a big hug and kiss on the cheek …

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The case of a fish hook in the eye

Conditions
November 22, 2017

Triage Note: Fish hook in eye. No bleeding. Tetanus up to date.

It’s a sunny weekend during cottage season. A young woman is rushed into the ER as she cups both hands over her left eye. She’s in shorts, and flip-flops, and she’s hyperventilating. Her friends follow, hands similarly cupped over their mouths. I read the triage note. I’ve never seen this before. I’ve removed dozens of fish hooks — it’s …

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Never forget to consider the number needed to treat

Conditions
November 3, 2017

How would you like to double your chances of winning the lottery? Just buy two tickets!

Statistically, this is true, but is that a reason to spend more money on something that most likely offers no return on investment?

Yet, in medical research, study after study shows impressive improvement in relative risk for this, that and the other intervention but a small or even negligible effect on absolute risk.

For example, I just …

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Seeds, popcorn, and nuts in diverticulitis: fact and fiction

Conditions
November 2, 2017

Diverticulitis is a common and sometimes serious problem that affects several hundred thousand people each year. Diverticulitis is the condition where small outpouchings or “pockets” in the wall of the large intestine called diverticula become inflamed and infected, and typically presents as a constant lower abdominal pain, associated with fever or chills, and often bloating or constipation symptoms. Despite becoming even more common in recent years, not much is understood …

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Want to slow cognitive decline? Here’s how.

Conditions
November 1, 2017

Part of a series.

Cognitive decline is a normal process of aging; Alzheimer’s is a disease.

Cognitive decline due to aging can be slowed but not halted with appropriate lifestyle approaches. The “big four” are equally important to slow cognitive decline: Don’t smoke. Reduce stress. Exercise often. And eat a quality diet in moderation.

Good sleep and brain stimulation need to be added for maintaining good cognition. Some form of …

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MKSAP: 32-year-old woman with weight loss, abdominal cramping, and loose stools

Conditions
October 21, 2017

Test your medicine knowledge with the MKSAP challenge, in partnership with the American College of Physicians.

A 32-year-old woman is evaluated for a 2-month history of weight loss, abdominal cramping, and loose stools. Her stools are malodorous, but she has not noted any blood associated with her bowel movements. Although her appetite is good, she has lost 3.2 kg (7.0 lb). She has an 8-year history of diffuse …

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The problem with prescribing sleeping pills for older patients

Conditions
October 11, 2017

It seems that everyone has advice about sleep these days, and we have become immune to it. “Avoid naps, caffeine and alcohol close to bedtime. Get exercise. Get out of bed if you can’t sleep. Turn off the TV and any electronic devices hours before bedtime. Enjoy a relaxing ritual. Keep to a routine.”

Please do all of these, because they actually work! Shifting your bedtime later to achieve sleep consolidation …

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A missed diagnosis haunts this physician

Conditions
October 10, 2017

Eighty percent of diagnoses can be made based on the history and physical.  Take the subjective and objective; throw in some medical history, family history, social history and you can figure out your assessment and plan. Doctors are the detectives of the body and the more facts, the easier it is to solve the mystery.

This is the fictional note that I wrote in my head concerning a fellow physician friend …

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How anti-vaccine parents are finding doctors willing to exempt their kids

Conditions
September 16, 2017

Dr. Tara Zandvliet was inundated with calls and emails from parents last year, after California passed a law nixing personal beliefs as an exemption from school vaccinations. Suddenly, many parents sought exemptions for medical reasons.

Someone even faked two medical exemption forms purportedly written by the San Diego pediatrician, copying a legitimate document she’d provided for a patient and writing in the names of students she’d never treated, she said. She …

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Are CTE headlines overblown? A radiologist investigates.

Conditions
September 6, 2017

A study published in JAMA looking at the brains of former football players donated to a brain bank, a highly selective sample, found signs of chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) — a degenerative neurological disease — in nearly all deceased players examined.

The mainstream media converged towards numerical consensus.

  • Fox News reported players in a study had CTE.”
  • CNN reframed the headline, “CTE found …

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The mythical unicorn of vaccine denialists

Conditions
August 28, 2017

I swiped this editorial cartoon by Steve Sack from the redoubtable Dr. David Gorski’s blog, who goes by the nom-de-web of Orac. Recent epidemiology shows reducing the fraction of vaccinated children in the population rather promptly leads to a resurgence of the diseases vaccines protect against. This is the concept of community or herd immunity.

Epidemiologists debate the concept around …

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We must make the word “diagnostician” the most prestigious term in medicine

Conditions
August 16, 2017

The Society to Improve Diagnosis in Medicine has on its website this quote:

  • 1 in 10 diagnoses are incorrect.
  • Diagnostic error accounts for 40,000-80,000 U.S. deaths annually — somewhere between breast cancer and diabetes.
  • Chances are, we will all experience diagnostic error in our lifetime.

The current focus on diagnostic error raises an interesting question:  Is this a larger problem in 2017 than in the 1970s and 1980s?

In this post, I …

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A nurse was attacked in the emergency department. This is her story.

Conditions
August 14, 2017

Victim: Female nurse, age 25

Time: circa 1980

Place: A hospital in a sleepy Southern town with fifty beds, six emergency department beds, one nurse, one doctor and one secretary.

It was an unusually quiet Friday night in this small emergency department.

We all knew Friday was “party day”: pay day, play day, alcohol, pills, drugs, loud music and lots of really bad decisions.

Not only did we cover the entire city, but we also …

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