How AI, animals, and ecosystems reveal a new kind of intelligence

As a surgeon, I’m trained to make decisions quickly—based on anatomy, evidence, and pattern recognition. But outside the OR, I’ve been thinking more deeply about something abstract yet everywhere: intelligence. What is it, really? And who or what gets to be called “intelligent”?

We often associate intelligence with humans—or more specifically, with traits like memory, logic, and verbal reasoning. The smarter someone is, we assume, the more they think like us. …

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